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Exfoliation in cosmetology is a cosmetic technique aimed at improving skin's appearance by removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. Removing excess dead skin cells can reveal the younger and healthier-looking skin underneath. Exfoliation is most often achieved through either mechanical or chemical methods.
Mechanical exfoliants include micro-bead facial scrubs, crushed shells, sugar or salt crystals, pumice, and abrasive cloths. These facial scrubs are generally available in over-the-counter products and applied by the user. Chemical exfoliants include chemical peels containing Salicylic acid, glycolic acid, fruit enzymes, citric acid, or malic acid which may be applied in high concentrations by a dermatologist, or in lower concentrations in over-the-counter products.
Exfoliation is also designed to aid rejuvenation of the skin and prevent undesirable conditions such as acne scarring or ingrown hairs. The term is commonly used as a part of the day-to-day skin care routine. The cosmetic procedures dermabrasion and microdermabrasion are both extreme cases of exfoliation where the surface layer of skin is removed as if by sanding.
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