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Water is the primary ingredient in almost every product used by humans from food and drinks to the cleansing and cosmetic items that we use daily for our personal care. Quality formulations begin with high purity water. Pure water is a very powerful dipolar solvent so that the naturally occurring supply from springs, lakes and rivers always contain some minerals, gases and organic decaying materials which may have adverse affects on manufactured products. In addition to these naturally occurring impurities municipal water systems typically add chlorine, sometimes fluorides, or other chemicals to improve the health and/or safety of the water for human consumption but which also can adversely affect other products that companies manufacture. There are numerous methods for the purification of water as delivered from public water supplies and it certainly helps if the public system has quality sources for the water they supply. Fortunately we live and work in such an area where some of the purest, naturally occuring water is available for our consumption and manufacturing. The three most commonly used methods for water purification are: 1) distillation, the oldest and currently most expensive and least effective 2) deionization, filtration 3) reverse osmosis, high tech and the most modern but more costly than deionized process. We use a combination process designed to achieve the highest form of pure water commercially available. It is a multi-step process which begins with the public water supply in Clackamas, Oregon. The steps for purifying this water is: 1. Pre-filtration, the incoming water is passed through two 5u (micron) filters to remove most of the undissolved solid matter which may be present in the supply system, i.e. silica. 2. Ultra-violet light is then employed to destroy any bacteria that escape the chlorine which the water company adds to make the water safe to drink. 3. The water then travels through a carbon filter bed which removes the cholrine and the organic impurities which may remain from the first two steps. 4. The next two steps are the actual deionizing filters which remove all of the ions present, both positive and negative charged particles, i.e. Sodium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium and others. 5. The water then goes through two more filters each 0.2u (microns) which have the capacity to remove any remaining particles leaving the water in an ultra-pure condition ready for the use in manufacturing high quality products. 6. As a final step the water passes through a purity meter which records the conductivity of the water and assures that the system is working properly. Ultra-pure water is a poor conductor of electrical current so the higher the resistence reading the purer the water. Our water consistently reads 20,000,000 ohms which is about the theoretical maximum for ultra-pure water. Triple distilled water typically only reads about 3,000,000 ohms as a comparison.
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